External links

hay or silage, with cereal-based concentrates fed during the finishing stages. Veal is produced from calves under semi-intensive systems, using milk-based concentrated rations to produce very light-colored meats.

Horsemeat is mainly used for animal food in United Kingdom, but it is widely consumed in continental Europe by human beings. Goats and camels are major meat animals in the Arab countries. Since mature camels produce rather tough meat, young animals are preferred for meat.

Water buffalo are important in the Middle East and Asia and are usually farmed extensively in traditional ways.

Acceptance of animals or their parts as foods varies considerably with national preferences and religious beliefs. While the consumption of horsemeat, dogmeat, and guinea pigs is not considered normal in the U nited Kingdom, these foods are eaten elsewhere. The J ewish food laws proscribe a number of animals whose flesh is regarded as unclean, for example those who chew the cud, but do not have cloven feet ( e.g., coney or rock hyrax, hare, camel) and those with cloven feet, but do not chew the cud (pigs ). The rules also prohibited consumption of many other animals such as birds of prey or carrion eaters, waterfowl, snakes, and marine mammals (6). Islam has proscribed the pig as unclean. Both Islam and Judaism have prescribed a ritual protocol for the slaughter of animals for human consumption.

In the United States, careful management of wildlife provides an important source of meat, and in Sweden deer and reindeer are important meat animals. Wild animals often flourish on poor forages and the composition of their meat is attractive to many consumers. 

The Normans introduced rabbits to England, which were farmed in warrens as a source of meat. Much of the venison produced in Scotland is exported and it contributes little to total meat consumption in the United Kingdom.

whiter bones, darker and coarser flesh, and thicker external and internal fat. The flesh of both males ( castrated and uncastrated) and females of ovine species that are 20 months in age at the time of slaugher is termed mature mutton. It has light to dark red color. The break joint fails to break due to the hardening of bones. Mature mutton has a strong characteristic odor, different from the delicate flavor of lamb.

3. Pork

Pork is a pigmeat. A good quality pork is obtained from swines between ages of 3 to 12 months, before the amount of fat becomes excessive. Pork is not differentiated according to the age and size of the pig. Pork generally has more fat than other meats. Bacon is the cut from the belly portion of hog carcass and has a high fat content.

4. Sausages

These are made of ground or minced meat, using mostly the cured meats. A variety of sausages are marketed under different classes depending on whether the ground meat is fresh or cured and whether the sausage is cooked or uncooked, smoked or unsmoked, and dried or not during manufacture. The cooked and smoked sausages are known as table-ready meats. The sausages are enclosed in natural casings made from animal intenstine or of plastic films.

5.Organ Meats (Offal)

These include liver, kidney, heart, sweetbread (thymus and pancreas), brain, lung, tripe (first and second stomach of the ruminants), head and tail of the animal. The organ meats are less expensive and more nutritious. The cooking methods vary according to their tenderness.

Though muscles form the bulk of the carcass meat, animal production and slaughter produces a wide range of by-products. Some of these products are edible and considered delicacies in many cultures, whereas other religious traditions restrict the consumption of offals as unclean (e.g., blood and blood products). Liver, kidneys, brain, and pancreas (sweetbreads) are often consumed, but other organs (intestine, tripe, pigs' trotters and cow heel) are delicacies with restricted consumption.

The organs can form the foci of infection in an animal. Most developed countries therefore have veterinary inspections at slaughterhouses to eliminate this possibility.

C. Meat Processing

In developed countries, animals are slaughtered for meat production under closely regulated conditions. Cattle and sheep are often killed humanely with<ra captive bolt, and pigs and lambs are usually stunned electrically. The animal is then strung up and bled. The abdominal cavity is opened and the viscera are removed. Pigs are often scalded in hot water to remove the bristles before cleaning. The carcasses are then split longitudinally and chilled. The meat may be separated from the bone before chilling (hot boning). Rapid chilling tends to toughen the meat but is usually employed to improve throughput. Electrical stimulation is widely used to reduce the coldshortening that accompanies very rapid chilling.